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Differences in liturgical calendars, cultural traditions, and historical influences have led to variations in the celebration of Christmas.
Here, we explore some of the communities that observe this sacred holiday on different days and the reasons behind their choices.
Orthodox Christians and the Julian Calendar
One of the most well-known alternative Christmas celebrations occurs on the 7th of January. This date is observed by many Orthodox Christians, including those in Russia, Serbia, Ethiopia, and parts of the Middle East. The reason lies in the calendar used by these communities: the Julian calendar, introduced by Julius Caesar in 45 BCE.
When Pope Gregory XIII reformed the calendar in 1582 to better align with the solar year, some Christian groups chose to retain the older Julian calendar for liturgical purposes. As a result, the Julian calendar’s 25th of December corresponds to the Gregorian calendar’s 7th of January.
Armenian Apostolic Church
The Armenian Apostolic Church, one of the oldest Christian denominations, celebrates Christmas on the 6th of January. For Armenians, this day combines both Christmas and the Feast of the Epiphany, commemorating Christ’s birth and baptism. This tradition reflects early Christian practices, as Christmas was not universally celebrated on the 25th of December until the 4th century.
Ethiopian and Eritrean Christians
In Ethiopia and Eritrea, where Christianity has deep historical roots, Christmas—known as “Genna”—is celebrated on the 7th of January. Following the Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church’s calendar, the day is marked with unique rituals, such as processions, fasting, and traditional games. The vibrant celebrations highlight the region’s rich Christian heritage.
Coptic Christians in Egypt
Coptic Christians in Egypt also observe Christmas on the 7th of January, adhering to the Julian calendar. The lead-up to Christmas includes a 43-day period of fasting known as the "Holy Nativity Fast," during which believers abstain from animal products. Christmas Eve is marked by a special liturgy, followed by feasting and family gatherings.
Unique Local Traditions
In some Christian communities, Christmas is tied to local customs and calendars. For instance:
Syriac Christians in India: The Malankara Orthodox Syrian Church celebrates Christmas on 25th December but incorporates unique rituals influenced by Indian culture.
Old Believers in Russia: This sect, which split from the Russian Orthodox Church in the 17th century, also adheres to the Julian calendar, observing Christmas on 7th January.
Why the Differences Matter
These varied Christmas dates reflect the diversity and richness of global Christianity. They remind us that while the date may differ, the essence of the celebration—honouring the birth of Christ—remains universal. Understanding and respecting these differences can foster greater appreciation for the cultural and spiritual tapestry of the Christian faith.
As the festive season approaches, it’s worth reflecting on how these traditions enrich our collective understanding of Christmas. Whether on the 25th of December, the 7th of January, or the 6th of January, the message of peace, love, and hope transcends time and calendars.
