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Incidentally to answer the question posed by Live Aid in their song "Do they know it's Christmas?" in Ethiopia as there are 74.7 million Christians in Ethiopia, that's 60.3% of the population, then the answer is "Yes, they did know it was Christmas.)
Ethiopia, a country steeped in rich history and vibrant culture, celebrates Christmas in a uniquely spiritual and traditional way. Known as “Genna” or “Lidet” in Amharic, Ethiopian Christmas falls on January 7th, following the Julian calendar used by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church. This special day is marked by deep religious devotion, colourful customs, and a strong sense of community.
The Spiritual Significance
At the heart of Ethiopian Christmas is a profound religious observance. Ethiopia is home to one of the oldest Christian traditions in the world, with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church playing a central role in the lives of its followers. Christmas preparations begin with a 43-day fasting period called “Tsome Nebiyat,” during which adherents abstain from meat, dairy, and other animal products, focusing instead on prayer and spiritual reflection.
On Christmas Eve, known as “Ye Genna Ba’al,” the faithful attend an all-night church service. Churches are often illuminated with candles and filled with the sounds of chanting, hymns, and prayers. Worshippers, dressed in traditional white garments called “Netela” or “Gabbi,” form a circle around the church and participate in the solemn yet uplifting ceremonies.
Unique Traditions and Customs
One of the most distinctive aspects of Ethiopian Christmas is the game of “Genna,” a traditional sport resembling field hockey. According to legend, shepherds played this game to celebrate the birth of Jesus Christ. Today, communities come together to enjoy matches, which add a festive and playful spirit to the occasion.
Another cherished tradition is the lighting of candles during the Christmas Eve service. Worshippers carry these candles in a procession around the church three times, symbolising the journey of the Wise Men to Bethlehem. This act is both a spiritual and communal experience, uniting participants in their shared faith.
The Christmas Feast
After the fasting period concludes, families gather to enjoy a festive meal. The Christmas feast typically features traditional Ethiopian dishes such as “Doro Wat” (a spicy chicken stew) served with “Injera” (a sourdough flatbread). Other popular dishes include “Kitfo” (minced raw beef seasoned with spices) and various lentil and vegetable stews. The meal is often accompanied by Ethiopian coffee, prepared through an elaborate coffee ceremony that highlights the country’s deep-rooted coffee culture.
A Celebration of Community
Ethiopian Christmas is not just a family affair; it’s a time for communities to come together. People visit neighbours and relatives, exchanging warm wishes and blessings. Gifts are modest, often symbolic, focusing on the spirit of giving rather than material value.
Pilgrimage to Lalibela
For many, Christmas is also an opportunity for pilgrimage. Lalibela, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its rock-hewn churches, becomes a focal point during this season. Thousands of pilgrims travel to this sacred site to attend special services and immerse themselves in its spiritual ambiance. The sight of worshippers gathered in and around these ancient churches, singing and praying, is truly awe-inspiring.
Ethiopian Christmas is a beautiful blend of faith, tradition, and community. Its emphasis on spirituality and togetherness offers a refreshing perspective on the holiday season. Whether it’s the solemn church services, the lively Genna games, or the shared meals, every aspect of the celebration reflects the country’s rich cultural heritage and enduring devotion to its Christian roots.