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While many around the world associate Thanksgiving with the United States, it’s important to remember that Canada has its own rich tradition of giving thanks, celebrated on the second Monday in October.
Though the customs may share some similarities with their American counterparts, Canadian Thanksgiving holds its own distinct charm, steeped in history and reflective of the country’s unique cultural tapestry.
A Brief History of Canadian Thanksgiving
The origins of Canadian Thanksgiving date back much earlier than its American version, with roots in both European and Indigenous traditions. The first recorded Thanksgiving celebration in Canada is often traced to 1578, when the English explorer Martin Frobisher held a ceremony to give thanks for his safe return after a perilous journey through the Arctic. This event, which took place in what is now Newfoundland, is often regarded as the earliest example of European Thanksgiving in North America.
Over time, Thanksgiving in Canada evolved from these early celebrations, blending the traditions of French settlers who marked the end of the harvest season with feasts, and Indigenous peoples, who had long held ceremonies to celebrate the bounty of the land. It wasn’t until 1879, however, that Thanksgiving was officially declared a national holiday in Canada, and the modern form of the celebration began to take shape.
When is Canadian Thanksgiving?
Canadian Thanksgiving falls on the second Monday in October, aligning with the earlier harvest season in Canada compared to the United States, which celebrates the holiday in late November. The timing of the Canadian holiday reflects the country's more northerly climate, where crops are harvested earlier in the autumn.
This date also means that Thanksgiving often coincides with the peak of the stunning autumn foliage in much of Canada, making it a picturesque time for families to gather and enjoy the natural beauty surrounding them. The long weekend provides Canadians with a perfect opportunity to spend time outdoors, whether it’s hiking through vibrant forests, visiting pumpkin patches, or simply taking in the crisp, cool air.
Canadian Thanksgiving Traditions
While Thanksgiving in Canada shares some customs with the American holiday, including the emphasis on gratitude, family, and feasting, it has its own set of traditions that make it distinct.
The Feast
At the heart of any Thanksgiving celebration is, of course, the feast. Traditional foods like turkey, stuffing, mashed potatoes, and cranberry sauce are staples on most Canadian Thanksgiving tables, though regional variations exist. In provinces like Quebec, for example, tourtière, a savoury meat pie, is often included in the holiday meal. Pumpkin pie is another popular dessert, signalling the autumn harvest and the end of a satisfying feast.
In some households, meals may also include a nod to the cultural diversity that defines Canada, with dishes from various immigrant traditions making their way onto the Thanksgiving table. This blend of flavours mirrors the country's multicultural identity and adds a unique twist to the celebration.
Giving Thanks and Gratitude
Thanksgiving is, at its core, a time to reflect on the blessings of the year and express gratitude. In Canada, the focus tends to be on family, friends, and the abundance of nature. Many families begin their Thanksgiving meals with a moment of reflection or a prayer of thanks, acknowledging the good fortune they have experienced.
While the holiday is more low-key than in the United States—there are no parades like Macy’s or American football dominating the day—Thanksgiving in Canada is still an important time for family gatherings. The long weekend provides an opportunity for loved ones to reconnect, often travelling from far and wide to share a meal and create lasting memories.
Outdoor Activities and the Great Outdoors
With Thanksgiving falling at such a beautiful time of year, many Canadians take advantage of the long weekend to spend time outdoors. For some, this means hiking through Canada’s stunning landscapes, while others may enjoy the final moments of harvest at local farms or participate in seasonal activities like apple picking.
It’s also not uncommon for Canadians to engage in some sport, particularly watching or playing a game of ice hockey, which remains a national pastime. For others, Thanksgiving might involve watching Canadian football, as the Canadian Football League (CFL) typically holds games over the long weekend, adding a spirited touch to the festivities.
The Spirit of Thanksgiving
While Thanksgiving in Canada may not have the same level of commercialisation as its American counterpart—there’s no Canadian equivalent to Black Friday—the holiday retains a focus on togetherness, gratitude, and simplicity. The more modest approach to the celebration perhaps reflects the values that many Canadians hold dear: appreciation for family, a deep connection to the land, and a sense of community.
Whether gathered around a bountiful table or enjoying a peaceful walk through the autumn woods, Canadians come together each October to pause and give thanks for the blessings in their lives. It’s a time to savour the season’s offerings, both in terms of food and experiences, and to reconnect with the things that truly matter.
In a world that often moves too quickly, Thanksgiving in Canada serves as a gentle reminder to slow down, appreciate the moment, and express gratitude for the abundance around us. Whether you’re celebrating with a traditional meal, spending time outdoors, or simply enjoying the company of loved ones, the essence of Canadian Thanksgiving lies in the simple, heartfelt act of giving thank