A Typical Christmas Day in Poland: Traditions, Festivities, and Family Gatherings

This is part of the That's Christmas series on how countries around the world celebrate Christmas.

Christmas in Poland is a cherished and deeply traditional holiday, filled with customs that have been passed down through generations. 

The Polish Christmas Day (Boże Narodzenie) is celebrated on the 25th of December, but the real magic begins on Christmas Eve (Wigilia), which holds even greater significance for many families. 

Let’s explore a typical Polish Christmas Day and its unique blend of customs, festivity, and togetherness.

Christmas Eve – The Heart of the Celebrations

While Christmas Day itself is important, Polish families place enormous emphasis on Wigilia. The day is filled with preparations, as everyone gets ready for the big feast in the evening. A key aspect of Wigilia is the strict fasting observed throughout the day, with many choosing to abstain from meat. Traditionally, no food is eaten until the first star appears in the sky, symbolising the Star of Bethlehem.

Once the first star is spotted, families gather around the table for a special supper. The table is usually set with an extra place for an unexpected guest, reflecting the Polish value of hospitality and the idea that no one should be alone at Christmas. Hay is often placed underneath the tablecloth to represent the manger where Jesus was born.

The Christmas Eve Feast – Wigilia Supper

The Wigilia meal is a grand affair, consisting of twelve dishes, each representing one of the apostles or the twelve months of the year. Fish, particularly carp, plays a starring role in the meal. Other traditional dishes include:

Barszcz (beetroot soup) with uszka (small mushroom dumplings)

Pierogi (dumplings) stuffed with cabbage and mushrooms

Karp (fried carp)

Makowiec (poppy seed cake)

Kompot z suszu (dried fruit compote)

Breaking and sharing of opłatek, a thin wafer similar to the Eucharist, is a symbolic gesture that begins the meal. Family members break off pieces of the opłatek, sharing it with each other while offering blessings and well wishes for the coming year.

Midnight Mass – Pasterka

After the Wigilia meal, many families attend Pasterka, the Midnight Mass. It’s a time of reverence and celebration, marking the birth of Jesus. Churches across Poland are filled with worshippers, and the atmosphere is both spiritual and joyful. The church is often adorned with a nativity scene, and carols are sung with great enthusiasm.

Christmas Day – Family and Festivities

Christmas Day in Poland is more relaxed compared to the fast-paced preparations of Christmas Eve. It is a day for family gatherings, visiting relatives, and indulging in the leftovers from the Wigilia feast. While Christmas Eve is meatless, Christmas Day often features hearty dishes such as bigos (a traditional Polish stew made with cabbage and meat), roasted meats, and sausages.

The day begins with a late breakfast or brunch, where family members come together once again around the table. It’s a day of enjoyment and relaxation, spent in the warmth of the home, surrounded by loved ones. Presents, which may have been opened on Christmas Eve, continue to bring excitement, particularly for children.

Traditional Polish Carols – Kolędy

Christmas carols, known as kolędy, play an integral part in the Polish festive season. These carols are not only sung during Midnight Mass but also in homes throughout Christmas Day. Families often gather around the Christmas tree to sing traditional songs, some of which date back to the Middle Ages. Kolędy reflect both the religious and folk traditions of Poland, and their melodies create a nostalgic and heartwarming atmosphere.

Polish Decorations and the Christmas Tree

The Christmas tree, or choinka, is an essential part of the Polish Christmas. It is usually decorated with baubles, homemade ornaments, and straw stars. In some regions, the tree is adorned with sweets and gingerbread, which children eagerly anticipate eating after the festivities. Many families keep their tree up until the 6th of January, when Poland celebrates the Feast of the Epiphany.

The Spirit of Giving and Togetherness

Polish Christmas is about more than just food and decorations; it’s about community and generosity. Many Poles make charitable contributions during the festive season, donating food, clothes, and gifts to those in need. This spirit of giving and helping others is a cornerstone of Polish Christmas, deeply rooted in both Christian and folk traditions.

The Day After Christmas – Boxing Day (Święto Szczepana)

In Poland, the 26th of December, known as Święto Szczepana (St Stephen’s Day), is also a public holiday. Traditionally, people attend church services and continue visiting family and friends. It’s another opportunity to share in the joy of the season, with a more relaxed atmosphere compared to the bustling preparations of Christmas Eve.

A typical Polish Christmas Day is a beautiful celebration of faith, family, and tradition. From the solemnity of Midnight Mass to the festive Wigilia supper, every element of the holiday is imbued with meaning. 

It’s a time of joy, reflection, and generosity, where the warmth of family takes centre stage. For Poles, Christmas is not just a day; it’s a season of togetherness and tradition, rooted in centuries of cultural and religious customs.